تصاویری از ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (دریای خزر)
تصاویر مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر)
تصاویر مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر)
تصاویر مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر)
ساحل زیبا و دریای طوفانی (محمود آباد، خزر)
عکسها مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر)
تصاویر مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر)
تصاویر مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر) ویلاهای دیدنی و زیبا
تصاویر مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر) اردک ها در حال شکار میگوها از داخل آب
تصاویر مربوط به ساحل زیبای محمود آباد (حاشیه دریای خزر)
دو روز مانده به عید فطر فرصتی شد که دوباره گرمای شدید شهر قم را ترک کنیم و همراه با گروه ورزشی کوهنوردی (تفریحی) استان قم، عازم سفر شمال شویم و مدتی از منطقه کویری قم دلکنده و به سواحل زیبا و سرسبز شمال کشور (دریای خزر) (دریای کاسپین) رهسپار شویم. بخشی از عکس های هنری این سفر را ارائه میکنم و عکس های یادگاری دوستان را طبق قرار ایمیل خواهم کرد. شهرستان محمودآباد در جنوب دریای خزر ، به عنوان یک شهر ساحلی و در دشت واقع شده است و فاصله آن تا سلسله جبال البرز حدود 46 کیلومتر است و زمینهای آن تقریباً مسطح و شیب آن بین 1% تا 5% است.
محمودآباد ، در عرض جغرافیایی 36 درجه و 38 دقیقه و طول جغرافیایی 52 درجه و 16 دقیقه میباشد و ارتفاع آن از سطح دریا 20- متر میباشد. طول ساحل شهرستان ، حدود 30 کیلومتر است. این شهرستان از شمال به دریای خزر ، از جنوب به شهرستان آمل ، از غرب به شهرستان نور و از شرق به شهرستان بابلسر محدود شده است. با تهران از طریق جاده هراز 218 کیلومتر و با مرکز استان ،ساری 88 کیلومتر فاصله دارد. همچنین این شهرستان دارای دو بخش میباشد که شامل پنج دهستان متشکل از 91 آبادی مسکونی است. محمودآباد حدود یک بیست وهفتم از مساحت ایران را داراست و میزان رطوبت هوا بین 65% الی 75% در نوسان است و جمعیت این شهرستان حدود 100000هزار نفر میباشد.
در ویکیپدیا دانشنامه آزاد در مورد شمال ایران چنین میخوانیم: شمال ایران یا بطور کوتاه شُمال اصطلاحی است جغرافیایی که به سرزمینی نسبتاً کموسعت اما سرسبز و حاصلخیز در جنوب دریای مازندران و شمال رشتهکوه البرز گفته میشود و شامل استانهای گیلان و مازندران و بخشی از استان گلستان است. راه های اصلی ورود به شمال جادههای هراز، چالوس، فیروزکوه، قزوین-رشت، گردنه حیران و جاده مشهد-گرگان هستند. دریای کاسپین: این نام در بسیاری از زبانهای جهان برای اشاره به این دریاچه به کار میرود. کاسپین خود از نام قوم آریایی کاسپی (یا کاسّی). گرفته شدهاست که ابتدا در کرانههای غربی تا جنوب غربی آن ساکن بودهاند و به تدریج تا کرانههای جنوبی آمدند. پژوهش های جدیدی که دربارهی ژنتیک مردمان ساکن جنوب این دریا شده، گواهی بر این ادعاست که مردمان گیلکزبان (که جوامع مردمشناسی در جهان ایشان را در انگلیسی به نام کاسپین میشناسند) از نوادگان مردمی هستند که از غرب این دریا آمده اند.
Geological history
Like the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea is a remnant of the ancient Paratethys Sea. The Caspian Sea became landlocked about 5.5 million years ago due to tectonic uplift and a fall in sea level. During warm and dry climatic periods, the landlocked sea has all but dried up, depositing evaporitic sediments like halite that have become covered by wind-blown deposits and were sealed off as an evaporite sink, when cool, wet climates refilled the basin. Due to the current inflow of fresh water, the Caspian Sea is a fresh-water lake in its northern portions. It is more saline on the Iranian shore, where the catchment basin contributes little flow. Currently, the mean salinity of the Caspian is one third that of the Earth's oceans. The Garabogazköl embayment, which dried up when water flow from the main body of the Caspian was blocked in the 1980s but has since been restored, routinely exceeds oceanic salinity by a factor of 10.
Geography
The Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world and accounts for 40 to 44 percent of the total lacustrine (lake) waters of the world. The coastlines of the Caspian are shared by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. The Caspian is divided into three distinct physical regions: Northern, Middle, and Southern Caspian. The North-Middle boundary is the Mangyshlak threshold, which runs through Chechen Island and Cape Tiub-Karagan. The Middle-South boundary is the Apsheron threshold, a sill of tectonic origin that runs through Zhiloi Island and Cape Kuuli. The Garabogazköl bay is the saline eastern inlet of the Caspian, which is part of Turkmenistan and at times has been a lake in its own right due to the isthmus which cuts it off from the Caspian.
Divisions between the three regions are dramatic. The Northern Caspian only includes the Caspian shelf, and is characterized as very shallow; it accounts for less than one percent of the total water volume with an average depth of only five to six meters. The sea noticeably drops off towards the Middle Caspian, where the average depth is 190 meters. The Southern Caspian is the deepest, with a depth that reaches over 1,000 meters. The Middle and Southern Caspian account for 33 percent and 66 percent of the total water volume, respectively. The northern portion of the Caspian Sea typically freezes in the winter, and in the coldest winters, ice will form in the south.
Over 130 rivers provide inflow to the Caspian, with the Volga River being the largest. The Caspian also has several small islands; they are primarily located in the North and have a collective land area of roughly 2,000 sq. km. Adjacent to the North Caspian is the Caspian Depression, a low-lying region 27 meters below sea level. The Central Asian steppes stretch across the northeast coast, while the Caucasus mountains hug the Western shore. The biomes to both the north and east are characterized by cold, continental deserts. Conversely, the climate to the southwest and south are generally warm with uneven elevation due to a mix of highlands and mountain ranges; the drastic changes in climate alongside the Caspian have led to a great deal of biodiversity in the region... Wikipedia
www.caspianenvironment.com
The Caspian Sea is the biggest enclosed body of water on Earth, having an even larger area than that of the American Great Lakes or that of Lake Victoria in East Africa. It is situated where the South-Eastern Europe meets the Asian continent, between latitudes 47.07’N and 36.33N and longitudes 45.43 E and 54.20E. It is approximately 1,030 km long and its width ranges from 435 km to a minimum of 196 km. It has no connection to the world’s oceans and its surface level at the moment is around –26.5 m below MSL. At this level, its total coastline is some 7,000 km in length and its surface area is 386,400 km2. The water volume of the lake is about 78,700 km3.
The water of the Caspian Sea is slightly saline; if we compare the Caspian water with oceanic water, it contains 3 times less salt.
So, why is the Caspian water saline? The Caspian Sea is a remnant of the ancient ocean, named Tethis, or more exactly of its Paratethis bay. About 50 – 60 million years ago the Tetis ocean connected the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. However, due to gradual shift of continental platforms it lost its connection with the Pacific ocean and later on with the Atlantic Ocean. As a result, the water body became isolated from the world ocean. Therefore, the salinity of the Caspian Sea can be attributed to its origin from an ancient ocean.
Why is the water of the Caspian Sea 3 times less salty than the waters of the world ocean? During hot and dry climatic periods the low precipitation quantity caused the Paratethis to dry up and divide into separate water bodies. It is due to these conditions of reduced water and isolation that the water in the Paratethis became slightly saline. During cool and wet climatic periods, great levels of precipitations caused the water bodies at the Paratethis to over flow and again connect the many water bodies, thus becoming less saline. The melting of ice fields was another cause for the reduction of salinity within the Paratethis waters as the ice diluted the salt contents.
The Caspian can be considered as divided into three parts, the northern, middle and southern parts. The border between the northern and middle parts runs along the edge of the North Caspian shelf (the Mangyshlak threshold), between Chechen Island (near the Terrace River mouth) and Cape Tiub-Karagan (at Fort Shevchenko). The border between the middle and southern parts runs from the Apsheron threshold connecting Zhiloi Island in the west to Cape Kuuli in the east (north of Turkmenbashi).
The northern part covers about 25% of the total surface area, while the middle and southern parts cover around 37% each. However, the water volume in the northern part accounts for a mere 0.5%, while the volume in the middle part make up 33.9%, and in the southern part 65.6% of Caspian waters. These volumes are a reflection of the bathymetry of the Caspian. The northern part is very shallow, with average depths of less than 5m. In the middle part, the main feature is the Derbent Depression with depths of over 500m. The southern part includes the South Caspian Depression with its deepest point being 1025m below the surface
Photographer: Mostafa Meraji
عکاس: مصطفی معراجی
